Kristal™ Technology

Double-Skinned Hollow Fiber Construction
KRISTAL™ membrane’s double-skinned design offers separation layers on both sides of the hollow fiber, allowing both outside-in and inside-out operation. Besides greater flexibility in its applications, the double-skin construction ensures removal efficiency, module integrity, long-term reliability and great mechanical strength.

The unique asymmetric structure of the KRISTAL™ membrane is formed using the phase inversion approach. The ultra thin skin built above the porous substrate allows the membrane to achieve improved flux.

Sharp Rejection Profile
KRISTAL™ membrane owes its sharp rejection profile to a unique surface structure, which removes colloidal particulates, bacteria, cysts and viruses completely. Macromolecules are also partially removed, reducing the need for frequent cleaning of downstream equipment such as an RO system.

Potting Technique
The unique structural design and fabrication of the KRISTAL™ module incorporates a proprietary potting technique. This unique potting increases the mechanical and chemical strength of the module, thereby enhancing KRISTAL™ module’s performance in aggressive environments.